昆虫拍动翅的非定常变形对其气动力的影响

杜刚; 孙茂

昆虫拍动翅的非定常变形对其气动力的影响

杜刚¹,
孙茂²

1.
北京航空航天大学发动机数值仿真中心,北京 100083;2.北京航空航天大学流体所,北京 100083

详细信息

作者简介:
杜刚(1974- ),男,四川省邻水人,博士(联系人.E-mail:dugang@buaa.edu.cn).

中图分类号: O355
计量
- 文章访问数: 2737
- HTML全文浏览量: 151
- PDF下载量: 596
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2007-01-17
- 修回日期: 2008-04-17
- 刊出日期: 2008-06-15

Effects of Unsteady Deformation of a Flapping Wing on Its Aerodynamic Forces

LIU Xin-jian¹,
YUAN Tian-bao²

1.
Aeroengine Numerical Simulation Research Center, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Beijing 100083, P. R. China;

摘要

摘要: 通过在动态变形网格上求解N-S方程的方法，研究了昆虫拍动翅的非定常变形对其气动力的影响．其中，拍动翅的扭转变形对气动力影响很小，拱形变形则会产生显著的影响，扭转和拱形组合变形的效果与拱形变形单独的效果基本相同．在6%拱形和20度扭转组合变形的情况下（此为对大量昆虫观察所得到的典型值），相对于无变形平板翅，升力增加了10～20%，升阻比增加了约10%．翅膀的变形可增大最大升力系数；同时，可减小飞行的能耗，例如，对于做悬停飞行的熊蜂，其翅膀的动态变形（6%拱形和20度扭转组合变形）使其飞行中的能耗比无变形情况降低了约16%．
- 昆虫 /
- 翅膀变形 /
- 非定常空气动力 /
- 计算流体力学
Abstract: The effects of unsteady deformation of a flapping model insect wing on its aero dynamic force production were studied by solving the Navier-Stokes equations on a dynamically deforming grid. Aerodynamic forces on the flapping wing are little affected by consider abletwist, but are affected by camber deformation; the effect of combined camber and twist deformation is similar to that of camber deformation. With a de formation of 6% camber and 20 degrees twist (typical values observed forwings of many insects), lift is increased by 10~20% and lift-to-dragratio by around 10% compared with the case of rigid flat-plate wing. As a result, the deformation canincrease the maximum lift coefficient of aninsect, and candecrease its power requirement of flight, e. g., for a hovering bumblebee with dynamically deforming wings (6% camber and 20 degrees twist), aerodynamic power required is de creased by about 16% compared with the case of rigid wings.
- insects /
- wing deformation /
- unsteady aerodynamic forces /
- computational fluid dynamics

HTML全文

参考文献(26)

[1]	Dickinson M H, Gtz K G.Unsteady aerodynamic performance of model wings at low Reynolds numbers[J].J Exp Biol,1993,174(1):45-64.
[2]	Ellington C P, Van den Berg C.Willmott A P. Leading edge vortices in insect flight[J].Nature,1996,384(6610):626-630. doi: 10.1038/384626a0
[3]	Willmott A P, Ellington C P, Thomas A R.Flow visualization and unsteady aerodynamics in the flight of the hawkmoth, Manduca sexta[J].Philos Trans Roy Soc Lond,Ser B,1997,352(1351):303-316. doi: 10.1098/rstb.1997.0022
[4]	Liu H, Ellington C P, Kawachi K,et al.A computational fluid dynamic study of hawkmoth hovering[J].J Exp Biol,1998,201(4):461-477.
[5]	Sun M, Tang J. Unsteady aerodynamic force generation by a model fruit fly wing in flapping motion[J].J Exp Biol,2002,205(1):55-70.
[6]	Dickinson M H, Lehman F O,Sane S P.Wing rotation and the aerodynamic basis of insect flight[J].Science,1999,284(5422):1954-1960. doi: 10.1126/science.284.5422.1954
[7]	Usherwood J R, Ellington C P. The aerodynamics of revolving wings—Ⅱ:Propeller force coefficients from mayfly to quail[J].J Exp Biol,2002,205(11):1565-1576.
[8]	Ellington C P. The aerodynamics of hovering insect flight—Ⅲ:Kinematics[J].Philos Trans Roy Soc Lond,Ser B,1984,305(1122):41-78. doi: 10.1098/rstb.1984.0051
[9]	Ellington C P. The aerodynamics of hovering insect flight—Ⅳ:Aerodynamic mechanisms[J].Philos Trans Roy Soc Lond,Ser B,1984,305(1122):79-113. doi: 10.1098/rstb.1984.0052
[10]	Ellington C P. The aerodynamics of hovering insect flight—Ⅵ:Lift and power requirements[J].Philos Trans Roy Soc Lond,Ser B,1984,305(1122): 145-181. doi: 10.1098/rstb.1984.0054
[11]	Ennos A R. The kinematics and aerodynamics of the free flight of some Diptera[J].J Exp Biol,1989,142(1):49-85.
[12]	Dudley R. The mechanics of forward flight in insects[D].Ph D thesis.Cambridge:Cambridge University, 1987.
[13]	Wang H, Zeng L J, Yin C Y. Measuring the body position, attitude and wing deformation of a free-flight dragonfly by combining a comb fringe pattern with sign points on the wing[J].Meas Sci Tech,2002,13(6): 903-908. doi: 10.1088/0957-0233/13/6/311
[14]	Ennos A R. The importance of torsion in the design of insect wings[J].J Exp Biol,1988,140(1):137-160.
[15]	Ennos A R, Wootton R J. Functional wing morphology and aerodynamics of Panorpa germanica (insecta: Mecopter)[J].J Exp Biol,1989,143(1):267-284.
[16]	Wootton R J, Herbert R C,Yong P G,et al.Approaches to the structural modeling of insect wings[J].Philos Trans Roy Soc Lond,Ser B,2003,358(1437):1577-1587. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2003.1351
[17]	Vogel S. Flight in Drosophila—Ⅲ:Aerodynamic characteristics of fly wings and wing models[J].J Exp Biol,1966，44(3):567-578.
[18]	Dudley R, Ellington C P. Mechanics of forward flight in bumblebees—Ⅱ:Quasi-steady lift and power requirements[J].J Exp Biol,1990,148(1): 53-88.
[19]	Thomas P D, Lombard C K. Geometric conservation law and its application to flow computations on moving grids[J].AIAA J,1979,17(10):1030-1037. doi: 10.2514/3.61273
[20]	Rogers S E, Kwak D. Upwind differencing scheme for the time-accurate incompressible Navier-Stokes equations[J].AIAA J,1990,28(2):253-262. doi: 10.2514/3.10382
[21]	Rogers S E, Kwak D, Kiris C. Steady and unsteady solutions of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations[J].AIAA J,1991,29(4):603-610. doi: 10.2514/3.10627
[22]	Morton S A, Melville R B, Visbal M R. Accuracy and coupling issues of aeroelastic Navier-Stokes solutions on deforming meshes[J].J Aircraft,1998,35(5):798-805. doi: 10.2514/2.2372
[23]	Hilgenstock A. A fast method for the elliptic generation of three dimensional grid with full boundary control[A].In:Sengupta S, Hauser J, Eiseman P R,et al,Eds.Numerical Grid Generation in CFM’88[C].1988, Swansea UK: Pineridge Press Ltd,1988,137-146.
[24]	Wu J H, Sun M. Unsteady aerodynamic forces of a flapping wing[J].J Exp Biol,2004,207(7):1137-1150. doi: 10.1242/jeb.00868
[25]	Fry S N, Sayaman R, Dickinson M H. The aerodynamics of hovering flight in Drosophila[J].J Exp Biol,2005,208(12):2303-2318. doi: 10.1242/jeb.01612
[26]	Wu J H, Sun M. Unsteady aerodynamic forces and power requirements of a bumblebee in forward flight[J].Acta Mech Sinica,2005,21(3):207-217. doi: 10.1007/s10409-005-0039-5