泡沫覆盖层对水下爆炸气泡射流防护机理缩比试验研究

杜志鹏; 张磊; 谌勇; 华宏星

doi:10.21656/1000-0887.420367

泡沫覆盖层对水下爆炸气泡射流防护机理缩比试验研究

doi: 10.21656/1000-0887.420367

杜志鹏^1, ,,
张磊¹,
谌勇²,
华宏星²

1.
中国人民解放军海军研究院，北京 100161
2.
上海交通大学机械系统与振动国家重点实验室，上海 200240

详细信息

作者简介:
杜志鹏（1977—），男，博士，高级工程师（通讯作者. E-mail：duzp7755@163.com）

中图分类号: O347.1
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- 文章访问数: 684
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-11-29
- 修回日期: 2022-04-21
- 网络出版日期: 2022-05-09
- 刊出日期: 2022-05-01

Reduced-Scale Experiment Study on the Protective Mechanism of Foam Coating Against Underwater Explosion Bubble Jet

1.
Naval Research Institute of PLA, Beijing 100161, P.R.China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R.China

摘要

摘要:
水下爆炸会对水中结构物造成严重威胁。柔性覆盖层或夹层板能够降低水中结构物水下爆炸冲击响应，因此成为研究的热点。以往的研究多集中于覆盖层对冲击波的防护机理，适用于较远距离的水下爆炸情况。近距离水下爆炸除了冲击波外，爆炸气泡溃灭时产生的朝向结构物的高速水射流更为致命。该文针对这种情况，基于量纲原理，推导缩比相似关系，通过缩比模型水下爆炸试验发现了覆盖层表面空化微气泡群对爆炸气泡形成高速水射流过程产生干扰，提出了泡沫覆盖层钢板水下爆炸气泡射流防护机理。
- 泡沫覆盖层 /
- 水下爆炸 /
- 气泡射流 /
- 防护机理 /
- 缩比试验
Abstract:
Underwater explosion poses a serious threat to underwater structures. Flexible coatings or sandwich plates can reduce the underwater explosion impact responses of underwater structures, and make a research hotspot. Previous studies focused on the protective mechanism of the coating against shock waves, which is suitable for underwater explosion at a long distance. Besides the shock wave, the high-speed water jet towards the structure produced by explosion bubble collapse, is more deadly in the short-distance underwater explosion. In view of this situation, based on the dimensional principle, the reduced-scale similarity relationship was deduced. Through the reduced-scale-model underwater explosion test, it is found that, the cavitation micro-bubble group on the surface of the foam coating interferes with the formation process of the explosion bubble collapse high-speed water jet. The protection mechanism of the foam coating against the underwater explosion bubble collapse water jet for coated steel plates was put forward.
- foam coating /
- underwater explosion /
- bubble jet /
- protective mechanism /
- reduced-scale experiment

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图 1 结构物敷设覆盖层水下爆炸试验

Figure 1. The underwater explosion test of coating structure

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图 2 有、无覆盖层表面冲击波压力对比

Figure 2. Comparison of surface shock wave pressure with or without coating

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图 3 试验布置示意图

Figure 3. Schematic diagram of test layout

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图 4 泡沫覆盖层横截面示意图

Figure 4. The cross section of foam coating section

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图 5 泡沫覆盖圆钢板与光面圆钢板照片

Figure 5. The foam coating round steel plate and the smooth round steel plate photograph

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图 6 未敷设泡沫覆盖层钢板爆炸试验高速摄像

Figure 6. High-speed video for the explosion test of the steel sheet without foam coating

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图 7 敷设泡沫覆盖层钢板爆炸试验高速摄像

Figure 7. High-speed video for the explosive test of the steel sheet with foam coating

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图 8 敷设泡沫覆盖层的钢板与未敷设的钢板变形

Figure 8. The steel plate deformation with foam coating and without coating

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图 9 泡沫覆盖层对气泡射流防护机理示意图

Figure 9. Schematic diagram of the bubble protection mechanism for foam coating

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表 1 水下爆炸气泡迁移相似参数

Table 1. Similar parameters of bubble migration in underwater explosion

parameter	prototype	geometric similarity model	gravity similarity model
maximum bubble radius	$ {R^{\max }} $	$ \lambda _\ell {R^{\max }} $	$ \lambda _\ell {R^{\max }} $
bubble pulse period	$ T $	$ {\lambda _\ell }T $	$ \lambda _l^{1/2}T $
bubble pulse peak pressure	$ P_1^{\max } $	$ P_1^{\max } $	$ \lambda _l P_1^{\max } $
static pressure of bubble in water	${D + {D_0} }$	${D + {D_0} }$	$ {\lambda _\ell }\left( {D + {D_0}} \right) $

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表 2 泡沫覆盖层模型相似参数

Table 2. Similarity parameters of the foam coating model

parameter	prototype	similarity model
thickness	$ h $	$\lambda_\ell h $
density	$ \rho $	$\rho{ {\lambda _E}/{\lambda _l} }$
rigidity	$ k $	$ {\lambda _l}{\lambda _E} $$ k $
energy absorption rate	$ \dfrac{W}{{{\sigma _s}h{L^2}}} $	$ \dfrac{W}{{{\sigma _s}h{L^2}}} $

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表 3 按不同缩比相似推导原型参数

Table 3. Derivations of prototype parameters according to different scale similarities

parameter	similarity model	geometric similarity model	gravity similarity model
equivalent of detonation source	2.25 g TNT	35 kg TNT	5 kg TNT
explosion source water depth H/m	1	1	25
maximum bubble radius $ {R^{\max }} $/m	0.2	5	1.8
bubble pulsation period T/ms	37	925	185
foam coating thickness h/mm	20	500	500
foam coating layer density $ \rho $/(kg/m³)	0.1	0.1	0.4

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表 4 有无覆盖层圆板的射流防护参数计算表

Table 4. Calculation of jet protection parameters of circular plates with or without coating

status	parameter
status	modulus of elasticity E/Pa	plate thickness $h$/m	bubble pulsation pressure ${P_{\rm{b}}}$/Pa	maximum bubble radius $ {R^{\max }} $/m	blasting distance R/m	cavitation parameters $\mu $	distance parameter $\eta $
foam coated circular plate	1 × 10⁶	0.022	3.12 × 10⁷	0.2	0.2	0.0035	1
circular plate	2 × 10¹¹	0.0045	3.12 × 10⁷	0.2	0.2	144	1

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