弹性应力波的双脉冲结构与平板冲击试验验证

刘占芳; 郭原; 唐少强; 黄心嘉; 庄茁

doi:10.21656/1000-0887.380324

弹性应力波的双脉冲结构与平板冲击试验验证

doi: 10.21656/1000-0887.380324

¹重庆大学航空航天学院, 重庆 400044;²北京大学工学院, 北京 100871;³清华大学航天航空学院, 北京 100084

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（11372365;11072276;11176035）

详细信息

作者简介:
刘占芳（1963—），男，教授，博士(通讯作者. E-mail: zhanfang@cqu.edu.cn).

中图分类号: O347.4
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2017-12-15
- 修回日期: 2018-01-09
- 刊出日期: 2018-03-15

Dual Pulse Wave Structure of Elastic Stress Waves and Plate Impact Verification

¹College of Aerospace Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P.R.China;²College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R.China;³School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R.China

Funds: The National Natural Science Foundation of China（11372365；11072276；11176035）

摘要

摘要: 对传统弹性应力波理论以及平板冲击下的应力波传播提出了重要修正.现有的弹性应力波理论在旋转运动以及与内力的对应关系、波动方程等方面存在理论缺失和不完备性.提出弹性体存在体积波和偏斜波，体积波可独立传播但偏斜波受体积波的影响，两种波构成一个弱耦合波系.平板冲击应为三维应变状态，体应变和偏应变两个波动变量依然保持二阶张量状态，但独立的波动变量可简化为一个体应变和一个偏斜主应变，波动方程简化为关于两个波动变量的弱耦合波动方程组.应力波的界面效应涉及了冲击加载面上应力波的激发和应力波在自由面上的反射，建立了加载面和自由面上边界条件与波动变量的依赖关系.冲击加载面上同时激发出体积波和偏斜波，但体积波与部分偏斜波组成一个以较快速度传播的复合脉冲，剩余偏斜波形成另一个以较慢速度传播的偏斜脉冲.两个入射脉冲在自由面上分别反射回来结构相同的复合脉冲和偏斜脉冲，即形成4个反射脉冲的传播.应力波的双脉冲结构与平板撞击下试件自由面速度的二次压缩现象是一致的，10发不同厚度的氧化铝平板冲击试验测得的二次压缩信号验证了偏斜脉冲的理论预测.
- 体积波 /
- 偏斜波 /
- 弱耦合应力波 /
- 复合脉冲 /
- 偏斜脉冲 /
- 平板冲击实验
Abstract: A revised elastic stress wave theory was proposed. The existent theory of elastic stress waves has some deficiencies in aspects of rotational deformation as well as its corresponding internal force, and wave equations, etc. It was revealed that there exist both volumetric waves and deviatoric waves in elastic solids, the volumetric wave travels independently but the deviatoric wave is influenced by the volumetric wave, and them 2 form a weakly coupled wave system. An impacted plate should be treated as a 3D strain system other than a 1D one. In plate impact tests, the 2 wave variables remained 2ndorder tensors but the independent variable was simplified as a volumetric strain plus a principal deviatoric strain, consequently the wave equations were simplified as 2 weakly coupled wave equations. The interface effects of stress waves involved generation of stress waves on the impact surface and reflection of stress waves on the free surface. Relationships between the boundary conditions and the wave variables on the impact surface and the free surface were established. In the numerical tests, the volumetric and deviatoric waves were simultaneously generated on the impact surface, but the volumetric wave and a part of the deviatoric wave constituted a composite pulse propagating at a faster speed, and the rest of the deviatoric wave made a deviatoric pulse traveling at a slower speed. Both the 2 incident pulses on the free surface were reflected respectively to produce a composite pulse and a deviatoric pulse again, which meant 4 reflected pulses were generated. The dual pulse structure of stress waves may explain very well the recompressive phenomenon of the free surface velocity curves of plate specimens under plate impact. Recompressive signals measured on 10 alumina plate specimens of different thicknesses verify the theoretical prediction of the deviatoric pulse.
- volumetric wave /
- deviatoric wave /
- weakly coupled stress wave /
- composite pulse /
- deviatoric pulse /
- plate impact test

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