Impact Responses of Prismatic Lithium-Ion Battery Based on the Membrane Factor Method
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摘要:
针对锂离子电池在冲击载荷下的大变形短路问题，首先建立了方形电池的简化模型，基于膜力因子法推导出电池在冲击载荷下的速度和位移运动方程。考虑到外壳厚度和芯材密度的因素，具体研究了方形锂离子电池的冲击动力响应特性。研究表明，通过引入膜力因子法改进的运动方程能够反映电池在冲击载荷下的动态响应机制，预测高速冲击下方形电池的大挠度变形。锂离子电池下部外壳的变形随电池外壳厚度的增加而减小，而电池芯材密实区域随外壳厚度的增加而增加。电池下部外壳的变形和密实区域均随电池内芯密度增加而增大。该文所提出的冲击模型可为方形锂离子电池的动力学性能多功能一体化设计提供理论参考。
Abstract:Aimed at the internal short circuit problem due to large deformation of the prismatic lithium-ion battery cell under impact loadings, a simplified battery model was first established. Then the motion equations of velocity and displacement based on the membrane factor method were proposed. With the effects of the face-sheet thickness and the densification region on the normalized final deflection, impact response characteristics of prismatic battery cells were investigated in detail. The results show that, the improved motion equations involving the membrane factor can reflect the dynamic response mechanisms of the prismatic battery cell under impact loadings, and the large deflection under high-speed impact can be predicted. With the increase of the face-sheet thickness, the deflection of the battery cell’s lower part decreases obviously. However, the densification region expands with the face-sheet thickness. The deflection and the densification region of the cell’s lower part both increase with the inner core density of the battery. This proposed impact model provides a theoretical guidance for the multi-functional integrated dynamic design of prismatic battery cells.
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图 1 方形锂离子电池结构及内芯简化示意图：(a) 方形电池结构；(b) 内芯的各向同性均质模型
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the prismatic lithium-ion battery and the corresponding simplified structure of the inner core: (a) the prismatic cell structure; (b) the isotropic homogeneous model for the inner core
图 2 锂离子电池简化结构冲击响应模型
Figure 2. The impact response model for the simplified structure of a battery
图 4 锂离子电池运动的两种变形状态：(a) 内芯不完全致密化；(b) 内芯完全致密化
Figure 4. Two deformation states of the lithium-ion battery: (a) the incomplete core densification; (b) the complete core densification
图 6 方形锂离子电池的冲击响应时间历程分析：(a) 上下部外壳的无量纲速度；(b) 下部外壳的无量纲挠度
Figure 6. Time histories of impact responses of prismatic lithium-ion battery: (a) normalized velocities of the upper and lower face sheets; (b) normalized deflections of the lower face sheet
图 7 面板厚度对最终无量纲挠度和致密化区域的影响
Figure 7. Effects of the face sheet thickness on the normalized final deflection and the densification region
图 8 芯材相对密度对最终无量纲挠度的影响
Figure 8. Effects of the normalized density of the lithium-ion battery inner core on the normalized final deflection
图 9 不同冲量下方形锂离子电池下部外壳挠度的时间历程
Figure 9. Time histories of normalized deflections of the lower face sheet for the prismatic lithium-ion battery under different impulses
表 1 模型无量纲参数
Table 1. Model dimensionless parameters
$\bar h$ $\bar c$ εd $\bar \sigma $ $\bar \rho $ $\bar I$ 0.0294 0.2429 0.157 0.461 0.7726 6.339e−4 
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表 2 方形电池材料参数
Table 2. Material parameters of the lithium-ion battery
Poisson’s ratio μ modulus of elasticity
E/MPayield strength σf /MPa density
ρc/(kg/m3)battery core material 0.01 368 27 2 086 battery housing 0.33 69 000 75.8 2 700
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