内爆载荷作用下泄压容器准静态压力特性

解江; 潘汉源; 李漩; 王立轩; 蒋逸伦; 冯振宇

doi:10.21656/1000-0887.430359

内爆载荷作用下泄压容器准静态压力特性

doi: 10.21656/1000-0887.430359

解江^{1, 2, ,},
潘汉源^{2, 3},
李漩^{2, 3},
王立轩^{2, 3},
蒋逸伦^{2, 3},
冯振宇^{1, 2}

1.
中国民航大学科技创新研究院，天津 300300
2.
民航航空器适航审定技术重点实验室，天津 300300
3.
中国民航大学安全科学与工程学院，天津 300300

详细信息

通讯作者:
解江(1982—)，男，副研究员，博士，硕士生导师(通讯作者. E-mail: xiejiang5@126.com)

中图分类号: O383
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- 文章访问数: 435
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-11-08
- 修回日期: 2023-07-10
- 刊出日期: 2023-10-31

Quasi-Static Pressure Characteristics of Explosion Venting Vessel Under Confined Explosion

XIE Jiang^{1, 2
, ,},
PAN Hanyuan^{2, 3},
LI Xuan^{2, 3},
WANG Lixuan^{2, 3},
JIANG Yilun^{2, 3},
FENG Zhenyu^{1, 2}

1.
Science and Technology Innovation Research Institute, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, P.R. China
2.
Key Laboratory of Civil Aviation Aircraft Airworthiness Certification Technology, Tianjin 300300, P.R. China
3.
College of Safety Science and Engineering, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, P.R. China

摘要

摘要: 为了研究泄压容器内部准静态压力特性，采用AUTODYN软件提出并建立了3种柱形泄压容器的数值模型，分别包括一端开口的敞口泄压容器、在开口处设有可冲出端盖的带泄压盖容器、将泄压盖与容器通过剪切销连接的带剪切销泄压容器. 以Bernoulli方程为基础建立了理论简化模型，模拟了敞口泄压容器内部的准静态压力；以能量守恒方程为基础建立理论简化模型，模拟了不同起爆药量下带泄压盖容器的准静态压力；最后，探讨了剪切销在剪断和未剪断时对带剪切销泄压容器内部压力的影响. 该文建立了文献中的数值模型，准静态压力计算结果与文献中的实验结果吻合情况良好，验证了计算方法的可靠性. 结果表明：敞口泄压容器内部压力衰减迅速，准静态阶段持续时间较短，以Bernoulli方程为基础的理论简化模型能够较好地预测泄压容器内部压力衰减至大气压力的时间；带泄压盖容器内冲击波沿轴向做往复式传播，以能量守恒方程为基础的理论模型能够较好地预测在泄压过程中的准静态压力；剪切销未剪断时，容器内部准静态压力呈现明显的平台效应；对比无剪切销的工况，18 mm直径的剪切销剪断后，容器内部压力变化趋势基本一致，泄压盖的飞出时间提前了0.25 ms. 研究结果可为泄压容器的结构设计提供理论基础和参考.
- 泄压容器 /
- 泄压盖 /
- 内爆炸 /
- 准静态压力
Abstract: To study the quasi-static pressure characteristics inside the explosion venting vessels, 3 numerical models for cylindrical explosion venting vessels were established with the AUTODYN software, including a one-end-opening explosion venting vessel, an explosion venting vessel with an ejectable venting cover, and an explosion venting vessel with a shear pinned venting cover. Based on the Bernoulli equation, a theoretical simplified model was established to simulate the quasi-static pressure inside the opening explosion venting vessel. A theoretical simplified model based on the energy conservation equation was established to simulate the quasi-static pressure in the vessel with a venting cover under different charge weights. In the end, the effects of the shear pin on the pressure of the explosion venting vessel were discussed in the cases of cutoff or non-cutoff. The numerical models in previous literatures were established. The theoretical quasi-static pressure results are in good agreement with the experimental results in the literatures, which verifies the reliability of the proposed theoretical calculation method. The results show that, the internal pressure of the open explosion venting vessel decays rapidly, and the quasi-static stage lasts for a short time. The theoretical simplified model based on the Bernoulli equation can better predict the time when the internal pressure in the explosion venting vessel decays to the atmospheric pressure. The shock wave in the vessel with a venting cover propagates reciprocally along the axial direction. The theoretical model based on the energy conservation equation can better predict the quasi-static pressure during the pressure decaying process. In the case of the non-cutoff shear pin, the quasi-static pressure inside the vessel exhibits an obvious platform effect. Compared with the case without a shear pin, the internal pressure in the vessel with a shear pin will decay basically in the same way after the shear pin with a diameter of 18 mm is cut off, and the venting cover will reach the opening in advance by 0.25 ms. This work mainly provides a theoretical basis and applicable reference for the structural design of explosion venting vessels.
- explosion venting vessel /
- venting cover /
- confined explosion /
- quasi-static pressure

HTML全文

图 1 3种泄压容器示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of 3 explosion venting vessels

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 密闭爆炸容器数值模型

Figure 2. The numerical model for the closed explosion vessel

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图 3 数值模拟密闭容器内部冲击波超压时程曲线

Figure 3. The numerical simulation of shock wave pressure-time curves inside the closed vessel

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图 4 3种泄压容器几何模型(单位: mm)

Figure 4. Geometric models for 3 explosion venting vessels(unit: mm)

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图 5 内部压力理论计算值与数值模拟测量值对比

Figure 5. Comparison between theoretical calculation values and numerical simulation values of the internal pressure

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图 6 泄压盖速度-时间曲线

注为了解释图中的颜色，读者可以参考本文的电子网页版本，后同.

Figure 6. Venting cover velocity-time curves

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图 7 带泄压盖容器内部理论计算超压平均值与数值模拟测量值对比

Figure 7. Comparison between the average theoretical overpressure values and the numerical simulation values in the explosion venting vessel with a venting cover

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图 8 剪切销未断裂时容器内准静态超压理论与数值计算对比

Figure 8. Comparison between theoretical quasi-static overpressure values and numerical values in the vessel with the shear pin unbroken

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图 9 不同剪切销直径下泄压容器内部超压-时间曲线

Figure 9. Pressure-time curves of the explosion venting vessel under different shear pin diameters

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表 1 15-5PH材料参数^[19]

Table 1. Material parameters of 15-5PH^[19]

parameter	value	parameter	value
density ρ_15-5PH/(kg/m³)	7.78×10³	E/GPa	196.51
Poisson’s ratio μ	0.27	yield strength σ_y	1.077
B	0.499	n	0.568
failure strain ε₀	0.22

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 JWL状态方程参数^[23]

Table 2. EOS parameters of JWL^[23]

parameter	value	parameter	value
A/GPa	374	B/GPa	3.74
R₁	4.15	R₂	1.4
ω	0.35	E₀/GPa	7
V	1	density ρ_TNT/(g/cm³)	1.63
detonation velocity D/(m/s)	6 930	Chapman-Jouguet pressure P_CJ/GPa	21

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表 3 本文准静态压力数值模拟值与文献[24]中的试验值对比情况

Table 3. Comparison of the numerical simulation quasi-static pressure in this paper and the experimental quasi-static pressure in ref. [24]

TNT charge mass W_TNT/g	quasi-static pressure in the closed explosion vessel
TNT charge mass W_TNT/g	numerical simulation ρ_n/MPa	experimental result^[24] ρ_e/MPa	error δ/%
5	20.91	22.46	6.9
10	42.03	45.10	6.81
15	62.61	68.25	8.26

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表 4 本文准静态压力理论预测值与文献[24]中的试验值对比情况

Table 4. Comparison of the theoretical quasi-static pressure in this paper and the experimental quasi-static pressure in ref. [24]

TNT charge mass W_TNT/g	quasi-static pressure in the closed explosion vessel
TNT charge mass W_TNT/g	theoretical prediction p_t/MPa	experimental result^[24] p_e/MPa	error δ/%
5	24.06	22.46	7.12
10	48.12	45.10	6.70
15	72.18	68.25	5.76

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表 5 对比不同剪切销直径对准静态压力与泄压盖出口速度的影响

Table 5. Comparison of the effects of different shear pin diameters on the quasi-static pressure and the cover velocity

shear pin diameter d/mm	quasi-static pressure when the cover reached the vessel opening p_c/MPa	velocity of the cover reaching the vessel opening v_c/(m/s)	time of the cover reaching the vessel opening t_c/ms
no shear pin	10.3	131.72	2
10	9.09	125.9	2.1
18	8.67	120.92	2.25

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