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多孔介质孔隙率对池沸腾传热性能影响机理的模拟研究

何树 娄钦

何树, 娄钦. 多孔介质孔隙率对池沸腾传热性能影响机理的模拟研究[J]. 应用数学和力学, 2024, 45(3): 348-364. doi: 10.21656/1000-0887.440212
引用本文: 何树, 娄钦. 多孔介质孔隙率对池沸腾传热性能影响机理的模拟研究[J]. 应用数学和力学, 2024, 45(3): 348-364. doi: 10.21656/1000-0887.440212
HE Shu, LOU Qin. Simulation Study of Porosity Effects of Porous Media on Pool Boiling Heat Transfer Performances[J]. Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, 2024, 45(3): 348-364. doi: 10.21656/1000-0887.440212
Citation: HE Shu, LOU Qin. Simulation Study of Porosity Effects of Porous Media on Pool Boiling Heat Transfer Performances[J]. Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, 2024, 45(3): 348-364. doi: 10.21656/1000-0887.440212

多孔介质孔隙率对池沸腾传热性能影响机理的模拟研究

doi: 10.21656/1000-0887.440212
基金项目: 

国家自然科学基金 51976128

上海市浦江计划 22PJD047

详细信息
    作者简介:

    何树(1999—),男,硕士生(E-mail: mrshu15@163.com)

    通讯作者:

    娄钦(1984—),女,教授,博士,博士生导师(通讯作者. E-mail: louqin560916@163.com)

  • 中图分类号: O357.41

Simulation Study of Porosity Effects of Porous Media on Pool Boiling Heat Transfer Performances

  • 摘要: 采用介观相变格子Boltzmann(lattice Boltzmann, LB)方法,在孔隙尺度下研究了多孔介质的孔隙率对池沸腾换热过程的影响,重点分析了不同孔隙率时气泡的运动过程,并对气泡在多孔介质中的典型状态进行了力平衡分析,进而探究了多孔介质孔隙率影响沸腾传热的机理.结果表明,与无多孔介质的平板表面相比,多孔材料能够有效地降低初始成核的壁面过热度,增强流体的扰动,并且能够显著提升临界热流密度(critical heat flux,CHF)值.在所研究的工况中,孔隙率ε=73.2%时,CHF值提升最大,约为平板的3.6倍,其余孔隙率的多孔介质最小也可将其CHF值提升至平板的2.3倍.研究发现,当孔隙率从97.7%开始逐渐减小时,CHF值逐渐增大,同时沸腾换热曲线向左上方移动,这是因为减小孔隙率能够增大有效换热面积,减小气泡成核的壁面过热度,从而强化沸腾换热.当孔隙率减小到ε=73.2%时,若继续减小孔隙率,热流密度将突然下降,沸腾传热性能显著降低.通过对沸腾过程中气泡的受力进行分析后发现,当孔隙率较小时,过小的孔隙直径显著增大了气泡的逸出阻力,降低了气泡的上升速度,延长了气泡脱离多孔介质的时间,且此时气泡会在蒸发动量力、接触压力以及摩擦力等的共同作用下聚集在加热器上表面,形成气膜,从而恶化沸腾传热.
  • 图  1  物理问题以及多孔介质间的导热示意图

      为了解释图中的颜色,读者可以参考本文的电子网页版本,后同.

    Figure  1.  Schematic diagrams of physical problems and heat conduction between porous media

    图  2  孔隙率为92.6%的多孔介质在加热温度Tb=0.98Tc,1.01Tc,1.05Tc下的各个时刻气泡状态图

    Figure  2.  Bubble state diagrams of porous media with a porosity of 92.6% at heating temperatures Tb=0.98Tc, 1.01Tc and 1.05Tc

    图  3  孔隙率为73.2%的多孔介质在加热温度Tb=0.98Tc,1.01Tc,1.05Tc下的各个时刻气泡状态图

    Figure  3.  Bubble state diagrams of porous media with a porosity of 73.2% at heating temperatures Tb=0.98Tc, 1.01Tc and 1.05Tc

    图  4  孔隙率为61.2%的多孔介质在加热温度Tb=0.98Tc,1.01Tc,1.05Tc下的各个时刻气泡状态图

    Figure  4.  Bubble state diagrams of porous media with a porosity of 61.2% at heating temperatures Tb=0.98Tc, 1.01Tc and 1.05Tc

    图  5  孔隙率为61.2%、接触角为73°的多孔介质在加热温度Tb=1.01Tc下的气泡状态图

    Figure  5.  Bubble state diagrams of porous media with a porosity of 61.2% and a contact angle of 73° under heating temperature Tb=1.01Tc

    图  6  沸腾过程中单气泡在多孔介质中的力平衡

    Figure  6.  Force balance of a single bubble in porous medium during boiling

    图  7  不同孔隙率的多孔介质以及光滑平板的沸腾曲线

    Figure  7.  Boiling curves of porous media with different porosities and smooth plates

    图  8  不同孔隙率的多孔介质在加热温度为0.99Tc下的气泡状态及加热器温度场分布(t*=51.36)

    Figure  8.  Bubble state and heater temperature field distributions of porous media with different porosities at 0.99Tc heating temperature (t*=51.36)

    图  9  两种加热温度下ε=73.2%和ε=67.6%的样本其沸腾过程中气泡的聚集状态

    Figure  9.  The aggregation states of bubbles during the boiling processes of samples with ε=73.2% and ε=67.6% at 2 heating temperatures

    图  10  本研究得到的不同孔隙率中的CHF值与Mori等[14]的理论预测结果对比

    Figure  10.  Comparison of CHF values obtained in this study with the theoretical prediction results of Mori et al.[14] for different porosities

    图  11  气泡在ε=67.6%样本中的聚集过程的受力分析

    Figure  11.  Force analysis of the bubble aggregation process in ε=67.6% samples

    表  1  格子单位与物理单位转换

    Table  1.   The unit conversion from lattice units to physical units

    parameter lattice unit physical unit conversion factor
    ρl 5.426 570.02 kg/m3 106.16 kg/m3
    ρv 0.811 3 86.13 kg/m3 106.16 kg/m3
    l0 16 4.72×10-6 m 2.95×10-7 m
    u0 0.035 8 38.56 m/s 1 077.09 m/s
    t0 447.8 1.224×10-7 s 2.734×10-10 s
    ν 0.06 1.9×10-5 m2/s 3.18×10-4 m2/s
    Tc 0.196 1 647.2 K 3 300.36 K
    pc 0.178 4 2.21×107 Pa 1.24×108 Pa
    cv, l 4.0 1 405.9 J/(kg· K) 351.48 J/(kg· K)
    hfg 0.624 7.26×105 J/kg 1.16×106 J/kg
    λs 32.556 390.67 W/(m· K) 12 W/(m· K)
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  不同孔隙率的多孔介质样本其气泡最大接触压力Fcpm以及平均上升速度Vave(格子单位)

    Table  2.   Maximum contact pressures of bubbles in porous medium samples with different porosities Fcpm and average rising speeds Vave (lattice units)

    porosity ε/% t* Rr da σ Fcpm Vave
    97.7 33.50 47.37 258.79 0.009 5 10.55 4.50×10-6
    92.6 37.96 51.06 285.21 0.009 5 11.89 5.24×10-6
    85.2 42.43 51.53 289.66 0.009 5 12.15 4.38×10-6
    73.2 46.90 50.20 312.58 0.009 5 14.52 4.30×10-6
    67.6 53.60 56.84 353.96 0.009 5 16.45 3.83×10-6
    61.2 58.06 58.80 372.42 0.009 5 17.60 3.49×10-6
    53.5 69.23 56.44 374.01 0.009 5 18.49 2.60×10-6
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2023-07-12
  • 修回日期:  2023-12-25
  • 刊出日期:  2024-03-01

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