低阻抗试样动态加载试验相关问题研究

殷建平; 张晨旭; 孙若恒; 陈希曦; 苗应刚

doi:10.21656/1000-0887.450279

低阻抗试样动态加载试验相关问题研究

doi: 10.21656/1000-0887.450279

殷建平^{1, 2, 3,},
张晨旭^{1, 3, 4},
孙若恒^{1, 3, 4},
陈希曦²,
苗应刚^{1, 3, 4, ,}

1.
陕西省冲击动力学及工程应用重点实验室, 西安 710072
2.
西北工业大学民航学院, 西安 710072
3.
强度与结构完整性全国重点实验室, 西安 710072
4.
西北工业大学航空学院, 西安 710072

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金 12472392

陕西省国际科技合作基金重点项目 2023-GHZD-12

中国航空科学基金 2023-GHZD-12

详细信息

作者简介:
殷建平(1996—)，男，博士生(E-mail: jpyin@mail.nwpu.edu.cn)

通讯作者:
苗应刚(1983—)，男，副教授，博士，硕士生导师(通讯作者. E-mail: ygmiao@nwpu.edu.cn)

中图分类号: O348
计量
- 文章访问数: 48
- HTML全文浏览量: 15
- PDF下载量: 5
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-10-21
- 修回日期: 2025-04-10
- 刊出日期: 2025-05-01

Study of Dynamic Loading Tests on Low-Impedance Specimens

YIN Jianping^{1, 2, 3
,},
ZHANG Chenxu^{1, 3, 4},
SUN Ruoheng^{1, 3, 4},
CHEN Xixi²,
MIAO Yinggang^{1, 3, 4
, ,}

1.
Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Impact Dynamics and Engineering Application, Xi'an 710072, P.R.China
2.
School of Civil Aviation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P.R.China
3.
National Key Laboratory of Strength and Structural Integrity, Xi'an 710072, P.R.China
4.
School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P.R.China

摘要

摘要: 研究了Hopkinson杆开展低阻抗试样高应变率加载测试的关键问题：低阻抗透射信号有效采集和应力平衡问题. 综合前期研究基础，选用异质低阻抗透射杆并辅以原位标定半导体应变片技术，实现低阻抗试样高精度测试；结合应力波加载试样的过程重构计算和分析，获得了低阻抗试样的应力平衡历程和影响因素敏感性特征，并提出了类梯形入射波，可使低阻抗试样尽早实现应力平衡和恒定应变率加载. 研究结果表明：低阻抗有机玻璃杆/管作为透射杆并辅以半导体应变片可实现载荷低至数Newton的透射信号采集；低阻抗试样应力平衡历程依赖于其弹性波速，在类梯形入射波加载下，2倍特征时间上升沿时可实现应力平衡以及其后的恒定应变率加载；其可基于试样厚度设计实现不同应变率加载下的临界有效应变一致性.
- Hopkinson杆 /
- 低阻抗试样 /
- 动态加载 /
- 应力平衡 /
- 透射信号 /
- 高应变率
Abstract: The key problems of the effective acquisition of low-impedance transmitted signals and the stress equilibrium in the Hopkinson bar loading tests on low-impedance specimens with high strain rates, were investigated. Based on the previous research fundaments, low-impedance elastic transmitted bars were introduced to replace the traditional metal transmitted bar, the in-situ calibrated semiconductor strain gauge technology was used to amplify weak transmitted signals, and the low-impedance specimens were tested with high precision. Reconstruction and calculation of the stress wave loading process were conducted to get the stress equilibrium history and the influential factors' sensitivity. The trapezoidal incident wave was proposed to realize stress equilibrium and achieve constant strain rate loading on specimens as early as possible. The results show that, low impedance polymethyl methacrylate bars/tubes as transmitted bars along with semiconductor strain gauges can acquire weak signals as low as several Newtons. The stress equilibrium history of the low-impedance specimen depends on the elastic wave velocity. Under the trapezoidal incident wave loading, the stress equilibrium and constant strain rate loading can be achieved at 2 characteristic periods. Based on the design of specimen thicknesses, the critical effective strain consistency can be achieved under different stress rate loadings.
- Hopkinson bar /
- low-impedance specimen /
- dynamic loading /
- stress equilibrium /
- transmitted signal /
- high strain rate

HTML全文

图 1 传统Hopkinson压杆组成

Figure 1. An illustration for the traditional split Hopkinson pressure bar

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 用于Hopkinson杆系统应变信号测量的Wheatstone电桥电路图

Figure 2. The Wheatstone bridge circuit for detecting strain signals of the split Hopkinson pressure bar

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 应力波加载试样时反射和透射波形

Figure 3. The series of reflected and transmitted waves for a stress wave loading on the specimen

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 SHPB中斜坡加载下试样应力平衡变化

Figure 4. The stress equilibrium variations of the specimens under the ramp loading in SHPBs

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 类梯形入射波及其反射波、透射波和应力平衡系数随加载时间变化

Figure 5. The trapezoidal incident wave and its reflected wave, transmitted wave and stress equilibrium ratio varying with the loading time

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 基于波形重构得到的应力-应变曲线与应变率-应变曲线

Figure 6. The stress-strain curve and strain rate-strain curve obtained based on waveform reconstruction

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 双线性波加载下试样临界有效应变的确定

Figure 7. The determination of the critical effective strain of the specimen under biaxial wave loading

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 金属栅丝应变片和半导体应变片输出电压信号对比

Table 1. Output signal comparison of the metal grid strain gauge and the semiconductor strain gauge

strain gauge	input voltage /V	resistance /Ω	gain factor	strain /με	output signal /mV
metal grid	30	1 000	150	100	2.74
semiconductor	30	1 000	2.10	100	213

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 改进型Hopkinson杆和试样尺寸与力学参数

Table 2. Dimensions and mechanic parameters of the modified SHPBs and specimens

	incident bar(steel)	specimen(rubber)	specimen(TC4)	transmitted bar(steel)	transmitted bar(PMMA)
diameter /mm	19	5	5	19	8
length or thickness /mm	3 100	5	5	3 100	1 000
elastic modulus /MPa	210 000	1	113 000	210 000	5 000
density /(kg/m³)	8 060	900	4 560	8 060	1 200
wave speed /(m/s)	5 104	33.33	4 978	5 104	2 041
specific impedance ratio	19 803	1	757	19 803	209

下载: 导出CSV

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