Numerical Study on Dispersion Characteristics of Droplets Impacting on a Single Fiber
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摘要: 超重力反应器因其优异的传质能力，在碳捕集过程中发挥着至关重要的作用. 金属网填料作为核心结构，旨在增强传质性能. 为深入理解其背后的分散机理，通过数值模拟，应用流体体积法，探讨了液滴撞击单根丝的过程. 系统地分析了初始速度(u0)、初始直径(D0)、撞击偏心距离(e)和撞击角度(θ)对液滴撞击单根丝后的变形演化行为及分散特性的影响. 中心或垂直撞击可分为四个主要阶段：分裂、丝下融合、拉伸和断裂脱离. 而在偏心和非垂直撞击过程中，还观察到异步断裂脱离、滑行分裂和斜向断裂脱离阶段. 随后，引入无量纲时间(t*)和气液界面面积增加率(η)对撞击后分散特性进行了定量分析. 研究表明，增大初始速度、减小液滴直径、最小化撞击偏心距离以及增大撞击角度均有助于提高分散性能. 基于此，提出了液滴最大气液界面面积的关联式，获得影响因素重要性排序为u0>θ>e>D0.Abstract: The high-gravity reactor, renowned for its superior mass transfer efficiency, plays a pivotal role in carbon capture processes. The wire mesh packing serves as the primary structural element enhancing mass transfer. To fully comprehend the dispersion mechanism, it is essential to investigate the dynamics of droplets impacting on a single fiber. The volume of fluid method was employed to numerically examine the interaction between a droplet and a fiber. The effects of factors such as the initial velocity (u0), the initial diameter (D0), the impact eccentricity (e), and the impact angle (θ) on droplet deformation and dispersion characteristics were analyzed in detail. Vertical or central impacts were divided into 4 key stages: splitting, merging, stretching, and breaking. In contrast, eccentric and non-vertical impacts exhibit asynchronous breaking, sliding splitting, and oblique deformation stages. To quantitatively assess the post-impact dispersion characteristics, the dimensionless time (t*) and the gas-liquid interfacial area growth rate (η) were introduced. The results indicate that, increasing the initial velocity, reducing the droplet diameter, minimizing the eccentric distance, and maximizing the impact angle all enhance dispersion. A correlation was established to predict the maximum increase rate in gas-liquid interfacial area.
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图 3 液滴撞击干燥丝示意图
注 为了解释图中的颜色，读者可以参考本文的电子网页版本，后同.
Figure 3. Schematic of droplet impingement on a dry filament
图 4 CFD模拟与实验之间的流型比较
Figure 4. Comparison of flow regimes between the CFD simulation and the experiment
图 5 CFD模拟与实验之间的液膜铺展长度L比较
Figure 5. Comparison of liquid film spreading length L between the CFD simulation and the experiment
图 6 不同初始速度液滴撞击干燥丝动态演化行为(D0=2.56 mm, e=0, θ=90°)
Figure 6. Dynamic evolutions of droplet impingement on a dry filament at different initial velocities(D0=2.56 mm, e=0, θ=90°)
图 7 不同撞击偏心距液滴撞击干燥丝动态演化行为(D0=2.56 mm, u0=2.75 m/s, θ=90°)
Figure 7. Dynamic evolutions of droplet impingement on a dry filament at different impact eccentricities (D0=2.56 mm, u0=2.75 m/s, θ=90°)
图 8 不同撞击角度下液滴撞击干燥丝动态演化行为(D0=2.56 mm, u0=2.75 m/s, e=0)
Figure 8. Dynamic evolutions of droplet impingement on a dry filament at different impact angles (D0=2.56 mm, u0=2.75 m/s, e=0)
图 9 初始速度对无量纲气液界面面积增加率的影响
Figure 9. Effects of the initial velocity on the dimensionless gas-liquid interface area growth rate
图 10 初始直径对无量纲气液界面面积增加率的影响
Figure 10. Effects of the initial droplet diameter on the dimensionless gas-liquid interface area growth rate
图 11 撞击偏心距对无量纲气液界面面积增加率的影响
Figure 11. Effects of the impact eccentricity on the dimensionless gas-liquid interface area growth rate
图 12 撞击角度对无量纲气液界面面积增加率的影响
Figure 12. Effects of the impact angle on the dimensionless gas-liquid interface area growth rate
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