Effects of the Cage Pocket Clearances on Motion Characteristics of Cylindrical Roller Bearings
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摘要: 圆柱滚子轴承的保持架兜孔间隙会影响滚子与保持架间的滑移、碰撞等运动特性以及轴承的整体振动. 针对传统圆柱滚子轴承动力学模型中，仅考虑润滑油对滚子产生的黏性阻力作用，提出将润滑油描述为滚子与滚道接触力相关的时变摩擦因数、流动阻力和对保持架的阻力矩，同时采用非线性弹簧、阻尼单元模拟滚子与保持架的碰撞接触，表征兜孔间隙的影响，建立了对应的圆柱滚子轴承滑移动力学模型. 在验证了所建模型准确性的基础上，研究了保持架兜孔间隙对滚子保持架转速、滑移、碰撞等运动特性和轴承振动特性的影响. 仿真分析结果表明：当保持架兜孔间隙增大时(0.1~0.7 mm)，保持架滑移率会增大，转速波动会更加剧烈，从而影响保持架的稳定性；同时，滚子自转滑移率会减小，滚子与保持架兜孔前、后端的碰撞频率会降低，碰撞力增大，而轴承的整体振动会随兜孔间隙的增大而增大. 研究结论可为圆柱滚子轴承设计与失效分析提供一定参考.Abstract: The clearance in the cage pocket of cylindrical roller bearings influences the kinematic characteristics such as slip and collision between the rollers and the cage, as well as the overall vibration of the bearing. the limitation of traditional dynamic models solely considering viscous drag effects of lubricant on rollers for cylindrical roller bearings, was addressed. Instead, the lubricant was described as a time-varying friction coefficient related to the contact force between the rollers and raceways, along with flow resistances and resistance torques on the cage. Additionally, nonlinear spring and damping elements were employed to simulate the collision contacts between the rollers and the cage, highlighting the impacts of the pocket clearance. The accuracy of the proposed model was validated, and the influences of the cage pocket clearance on the kinematic characteristics of the roller-cage speed, slip, and collision, as well as the vibration characteristics of the bearing, were investigated. Simulation results indicate that, as the cage pocket clearance increases within the range of 0.1 mm to 0.7 mm, the cage slip rate rises, leading to more severe speed fluctuations and compromising cage stability. Simultaneously, the roller's spin slip rate decreases, which reduces the collision frequency between the roller and the front and rear ends of the cage pocket, while the collision force increases. Furthermore, the overall vibration of the bearing intensifies with the increasing pocket clearance. The study can provide valuable insights for the design and failure analysis of cylindrical roller bearings.
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Key words:
- cylindrical roller bearing /
- cage /
- pocket clearance /
- slippage /
- dynamic model
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图 5 不同兜孔间隙下的保持架时变转速
Figure 5. Cage time-varying rotational speeds under different pocket clearances
图 7 保持架平均转速及平均滑移率
注 为了解释图中的颜色，读者可以参考本文的电子网页版本，后同.
Figure 7. Cage average rotational speeds and average slip rates
图 8 滚子自转平均角速度及平均滑移率
注 为了解释图中的颜色，读者可以参考本文的电子网页版本，后同.
Figure 8. Roller rotation average angular velocities and average slip rates
图 9 滚子相对内圈滑移速度
注 为了解释图中的颜色，读者可以参考本文的电子网页版本，后同.
Figure 9. Slip speeds between the roller and the inner ring
图 10 滚子相对外圈滑移速度
注 为了解释图中的颜色，读者可以参考本文的电子网页版本，后同.
Figure 10. Slip speeds between the roller and the outer ring
图 11 不同兜孔间隙下的内圈振动加速度信号
Figure 11. Inner ring vibration acceleration signals under different pocket clearances
图 13 不同兜孔间隙下的外圈振动加速度信号
Figure 13. Outer ring vibration acceleration signals under different pocket clearances
表 1 SKF N324轴承及润滑油主要参数
Table 1. SKF N324 bearing and lubricating oil main parameters
parameter numeric value outer ring radius/mm 115 inner ring radius/mm 77 roller radius/mm 19 bearing pitch radius/mm 96.5 number of rollers 14 radial clearance/mm 0.1 outer ring mass/kg 4 inner ring mass/kg 2.2 roller mass/kg 0.37 effective length of rollers/mm 36 modulus of elasticity of the material/Pa 2.07×1011 lubricating oil density/(kg/m3) 884 dynamic viscosity/(Pa·s) 0.27 
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